Classification of Thermodynamic Systems

Thermodynamic systems may be classified into the following groups:
  • Closed system
  • Open system
  • Isolated system

Closed System:
                         
In closed system, attention is focused on a fixed mass. Energy in the form of heat and work can cross the boundary of the system. But there is no mass flow across the boundary. Hence, the possibility of change in volume is always there in the closed systems.



Open System:
                         
In open system, both matter and energy can cross the boundary. Hence the behavior of a fixed region in space called control volume is investigated and hence, there is no change in volume. The surface of the control volume is known as control surface. 



Isolated System:
                         
A system that exchanges neither energy nor matter with its surroundings is known as an isolated system.

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