A Process, in which the temperature of the working substance remains
constant during its expansion or compression, is called a constant
temperature process or isothermal process. This will happens when the
working substance remains in a perfect thermal contact with the
surroundings, so that the heat 'sucked in' or 'squeezed out' is
compressed exactly for the mechanical work done by or on the gas
respectively. It is thus obvious that in an isothermal process:
- there is no change in temperature (T2 = T1)
- there is no change in internal energy (ΔU = 0)
- P,V,T Relationship:
PV = Constant
- Work done:
W1-2 = P1V1 ln (V2/V1)
= 2.3 P1V1 log (V2/V1)
= 2.3 P1V1 log (V2/V1)
= 2.3 mRT log r
U2 - U1 = 0
U2 = U1
Q1-2 = W1-2
Where,
- Internal Energy:
U2 - U1 = 0
U2 = U1
- Heat Supplied:
Q1-2 = W1-2
Where,

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