The main objectives of heat treatment as follows:
- to increase strength, hardness and wear resistance (bulk hardening, surface hardening)
- to increase ductility and softness (tempering, re-crystallization annealing)
- to increase toughness (tempering, re-crystallization annealing)
- to obtain fine grain size (re-crystallization annealing, full annealing, normalizing)
- to remove internal stresses induced by differential deformation by cold working, non-uniform cooling from high temperature during casting and welding (stress relief annealing)
- to improve machineability (full annealing and normalizing)
- to improve cutting properties of tool steels (hardening and tempering)
- to improve surface properties (surface hardening, corrosion resistance-stabilizing treatment and high temperature resistance-precipitation hardening, surface treatment)
- to improve electrical properties (re-crystallization, tempering, age hardening)
- to improve magnetic properties (hardening, phase transformation)
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